This dictionary provides a single recommended name, concise definition, and list of synonyms for over 400 diseases of the kidney, the lower urinary tract, and the male genital system. Diseases of the female genital system are covered in a separate volume. The nomenclature is presented in 17 chapters supported by two annexes. Each disease or syndrome for which a name is recommended is defined as unambiguously, and yet as briefly, as possible. In most cases the recommended name is based on cause and is as specific and self-descriptive as possible. Widely-used names, such as "prune-belly syndrome", have been retained. The first seven chapters deal with renal diseases, beginning with congenital and cystic abnormalities of the kidney, and continuing with glomerular disease, tubulo-interstitial disease, vascular renal disease, renal disease induced by chemicals, and a miscellaneous group of renal diseases. Subsequent chapters cover congenital abnormalities and acquired diseases of the renal pelvis and the ureter, of the urinary bladder, and of the male genital system. The final two chapters provide recommended names for some 140 tumours and tumour-like lesions of the urinary system and male genital system. Annex 1, which is devoted to infectious diseases of the urinary and male genital systems, summarizes the recommended nomenclature and gives examples, synonyms, and explanatory notes where necessary. Annex 2 provides a short glossary of several terms used in the text of the nomenclature, together with a few additional terms that do not represent disease entities. The volume concludes with a 34 page index listing all recommended names and synonyms covered in the nomenclature. The nomenclature, which is part of an on-going series, is intended to encourage greater consistency in medical reporting and, through is comprehensive lists of synonyms, to facilitate information retrieval and literature searches.