Lynne Talley is a Professor of Oceanography at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California San Diego. Lynne is a seagoing oceanographer with research interests in the water mass distributions and circulation of the world ocean. She is a graduate of Oberlin College (B.A. in physics) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program (Ph.D. in physical oceanography). She has been an editor of the Journal of Physical Oceanography and has served on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (AR4 and AR5), many committees of the National Academy of Sciences, and planning and steering committees for major field programs, including the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) of the 1990s and the U.S. Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Geophysical Union, the Oceanography Society, and the American Meteorological Society. George Pickard (1913-2007) was a Professor of Oceanography at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and was Director of the UBC Institute of Oceanography from 1958 to 1978. He received his B.A. and his Ph.D. in physics from Oxford. He was appointed to the UBC physics department after service in WWII. George was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Royal Society of Canada, and the National Geographic Society. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA James Swift is a Research Oceanographer at SIO. Jim is a seagoing oceanographer with research interests in Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas water masses and circulation. He frequently leads expeditions to all parts of the world ocean. His B.S. in physics is from Case Western Reserve University, and his Ph.D. is in physical oceanography from the University of Washington. He is the director of the CLIVAR and Carbon Hydrographic Data Office (formerly the WOCE Hydrographic Programme Office), and scientific advisor of SIO’s Oceanographic Data Facility. He oversees operations of the NSF-supported university contribution to the U.S. Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program.