Asher Arian, at the time of the first publication, was a member of the Wagner Institute of CUNY, USA. Arthur S. Goldberg, at the time of the first publication, was a member of the Wagner Institute of CUNY, USA. John H. Mollenkopf teaches Political Science and Sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center, directs its Center for Urban Research, and chairs the public policy subfield in political science. His teaching and research interests focus on urban politics and public policy, using New York City as a case study in comparison with similar large cities in the U.S. and Europe to understand urban political mobilization, immigrant political incorporation, and the formation of governing coalitions. Prior to joining the Graduate Center in 1981, he directed the Economic Development Division of the New York City Department of City Planning and taught urban studies and public management at Stanford University. He was also Program Director for Urban Initiatives at the Social Science Research Council, chaired its Committee on New York City, and served on the editorial boards of PS and Urban Affairs Review. Edward T. Rogowsky was Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Brooklyn College, CUNY. He served as director of the Brooklyn College Graduate Center for Worker Education, New York City from 1989 to 1995. In 1990, Rogowsky was appointed to the New York City Planning Commission by the Brooklyn borough president, a position he served in until in March, 2001.