Excerpt from Appleby's Illustrated Handbook of Machinery, Vol. 1: Prime Movers; Including Fixed, Portable and Marine Engines, Boilers and Fittings, Water Heaters and Accessories, Gas, Oil, and Heated Air Engines, Dynamos and Electric Motors The arrangement adopted in the first edition of appleby's handbook OF machinery, which was published in 1869, has been to a large extent adhered to in this edition, but the advances made in all branches of mechanical construction since that time, have been so incredibly great and varied, that' nothing which appeared in the above-named edition, or the numerous reprints of it, have been found suitable for reproduction, so that the descriptive matter has been en tirely re-written and - as far as practicable - corrected up to this date. It is to be regretted that lack of space precludes a more extended notice of some (and causes the complete omission of other) interesting inventions and improvements in special departments of engineering design and the selection of subjects is necessarily limited to those which may be regarded as being of general interest. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.