The Gran Chaco, the second largest biome of South America, entered a phase of deep and fast environmental changes a few decades ago. Indigenous peoples are amongst those most affected. This dissertation focuses on the responses of the Angait'e of La Patria to altered access, use and management of natural resources inside and outside their colony over the past 20 years (1995-2015). From a third-generation political ecologists' perspective, I consider the Angait'e's adaptation a transformation of cosmographical practices because the latter contribute to the production of a particular place or territory and a particular understanding of the world.