Many years after the end of the cold war, the process of creating a "Europe whole and free" is incomplete. Here, a group of distinguished contributors from both East and West examines the complicated and multifaceted process of NATO and EU enlargement in the context of the changed global situation since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This book examines the enlargement processes not only from the perspective of the West and western institutions, but also from the point of view of the former communist countries. If an enlarged NATO and EU are to be stable and successful in the long run, they must take account of the wishes and interests of both their new, former communist members and those European states that will not become members of either NATO or the EU in the foreseeable future.