Excerpt from A Geological History of Manhattan or New York Island: Together With a Map of the Island, and a Suite of Sections, Tables and Columns, for the Study of Geology, Particularly Adapted for the American Student Definition of Geology. - Geology is the study of the rocks, and all earthy and mineral properties, that form the crust of the globe, which man and his cotemporaries now inhabit of all the apparent, past changes it has undergone by volcanoes, floods, earthquakes, and other lesser causes, such as heat and cold, the wear and tear of its surface, by rains or any thing else, which alters, or occasions a dis placement of any Of its materials. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.