Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators

Acid-base indicators (pH indicators) are substances (dyes) which change color with the change in pH. There is no book available in the market directly on acid-base indicators even though the use of acid-base indicators is widespread, growing rapidly and has exploded recently.

This updated handbook provides a systematic and up-to-date library of information on 250+ acid-base indicators serving as a practical guide for both chemists and non-chemists in industry and academia.

Entries are listed alphabetically and include: General chmical name, chemical structure, other names, CA index name, CAS registry number, Colour Index number, Colour Index name, Merck index number (The Merck Index, 15th Edition, 2013), chemical/dye class, molecular formula, molecular weight, physical form, solubility, melting point, boiling point, boiling point (calcd.), pH range, color-change at pH, pKa, pKa (calcd.), absorption (λmax), emission (λmax), molar extinction coefficient, quantum yield, synthesis, biological/medical applications, industrial applications, safety/toxicity, certification/approval and references

Numerous recent references as well as original references (when reported) have been provided on various synthetic methods, biological/medical applications, industrial applications, and safety/toxicity data. This is the first ever book which provides safety/toxicity data with reference to acute toxicity, algal toxicity, amyloid toxicity, aquatic toxicity, bacterial toxicity, carcinogenicity, cardiotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, chromosomal aberrations, chronic toxicity, clastogenicity, cytotoxicity, developmental toxicity, DNA damage, ecotoxicity, embryotoxicity, endocrine disrupters, environmental toxicity, fish toxicity, genotoxicity, hematotoxicity, hepatocarcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, membrane toxicity, microbial toxicity, mitochondrial toxicity, mutagenicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nucleic acid damage, ophthalmic toxicity, oral toxicity, ototoxicity, ovarian toxicity, photodynamic toxicity, photogenotoxicity, phototoxicity, phytotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, reproductive toxicity, skin toxicity, subchronic toxicity, teratogenicity, tumorigenicity, vascular toxicity, and so on. The second edition of Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators (pH Indicators) has been revised, enlarged and updated with several recent references and added 53 new acid-base indicators. Further, the First Edition provides major applications of acid-base indicators, whereas the Second Edition provides biological/medical applications and industrial applications separately. The Second Edition also provides Certification by Biological Stain Commission (BSC) and Approval by Food & Drugs Administration (FDA) of acid-base indicators, wherever applicable. In addition, several appendixes have been provided at the end of the book for scientists to conveniently and easily find an acid-base indicator as per their need. These appendixes include CAS Registry Numbers, Colour Index Names and Colour Index Numbers, Acridines, Anthraquinones, Aromatics, Azo, Benzeins, Coumarins, Fluorescent, Hydrazines, Maleins, Miscellaneous, Naphthalenes, Nitro, Phenolnaphthaleins, Phthaleins, Quinolines, Sulfonephthaleins, Triphenylmethanes, and Xanthenes.

Author Biography

Ram W. Sabnis is a Patent Agent. His interests include dyes, pigments, organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, heterocycles, polymer chemistry, synthesis, formulations, coatings, material science, and patents. Presently, he focuses on drafting and prosecuting U.S. and international patent applications. He is a registered patent agent with U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO). He has 35+ years of technical and legal experience after Ph.D., of which 16+ years of technical (industrial R&D) experience and 19+ years of legal (patent law) (law firm and corporate) experience.

Dr. Sabnis was born and raised in Mumbai, India. He received M. Sc. in Organic Chemistry from University of Mumbai and Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry (Dyes) from Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT) (formerly UDCT), Mumbai, India. He is a Chartered Colourists, Fellow of Society of Dyers & Colourists (CCol FSDC). He is also a Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC).

Dr. Sabnis is one of the world’s foremost experts in dyes, inventing world’s first colored bubbles (non-staining) and color changing dye system with many applications. He has immensely contributed to color science and technology for the past 40+ years, particularly, dyes for biomedicine, personal care products, health/beauty products, electronics (displays, OLEDs), inks, paints, plastics, textiles and toys/bubbles.

He has over 500 publications, which include books, book chapters, encyclopedia chapters, patents, reviews, papers, and symposia presentations. He is also an inventor on several U.S. Patents and international patent applications (issued/published). Dr. Sabnis is the recipient of Perkin Innovation Award, Pfish Award, Grand Innovation Award, Competitive Spirit Award and Best Doctoral Thesis Award. Dr. Sabnis has been awarded “Gold Medal” for “Outstanding service to coloration industry” and “Centenary Medal” for “Best Review in Coloration Technology” by the Society of Dyers and Colourists, Bradford, U.K. He has been awarded “UAA-ICT Distinguished Alumnus Award – Research by Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.

Dr. Sabnis is an ACS Patent Panelist and ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters Editorial Board Member. He has been awarded USPTO (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office) Patent Pro Bono Achievement Certificate (2021-2024). He has around 400 legal representations for patents, which include U.S. Patents and PCT international applications. He has been awarded Certificate of Appreciation for outstanding contributions to ACS U.S. National Chemistry Olympiad (USNCO) by the American Chemical Society (ACS) (2023-2024).

Dr. Sabnis has written three books on color chemistry, namely, “Handbook of Fluorescent Dyes and Probes,” “Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains” and “Handbook of Acid-Base Indicators.” He will continue to focus his activities on fascinating dye chemistry as well as demanding intellectual property in the years to come.