The role of the physician has changed dramatically over the past years to meet the needs of an aging population. Prior to the middle of the last century medical care was primarily episodic. Patients did not see their doctor until they were actually ill. now, the advances in medical knowledge of disease processes and the availability of improved diagnostics technics and treatments have focused medical practice on the privention of disease. In other words, before the occurrence of a heart attack, stroke, diabetes, and even cancer, there are detectable underlying disorders which, when discovered and treated early, can prevent life limiting disease. Doctors have learned that the underlying and diseases associated with aging do not start in older age, but often are present by middle age and younger. Then, changes in life style, and early treatment will be most effective in preventing later morbidity and mortality. This book informs the reader of the major preventative health recommendations now practiced by the medical community. The material in this book has been influenced by my personal experiences as a practicing physician as well as by my prior years as a teacher and researcher in the are of cardiovascular disease. From my patients, I have learned that they will accept both changes in life style, as well as necessary treatments, when they better understand the underlying medical reasons for these recommendations. With this approach in mind, I trust that this book will provide timely medical information for the reader to embrace a "golden challenge" of preventative health care to know and to fully enjoy the rewarding "golden years" ahead.