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Volcanoes: Global Perspectives

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Volcanoes: Global Perspectives

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Description

Why is this book needed? What is its rationale? The study of volcanoes and volcanic activity is an essential component of all introductory geology courses. Although the typical exposure to volcanology is superficial in most introductory courses, advanced undergraduate courses and specialized graduate courses require authoritative textbooks on volcanology - either for reference, or as the backbone of focused courses and seminars. We believe our book would best serve college-level students poised to enter the earth sciences professionally, and will also serve as an important reference for interested lay readers and earth scientists in general. Volcanoes are a vital presence in our world, and play a key role in maintaining the human eco-environment through soil enrichment and atmospheric inputs. They are also hazardous features, whose eruptions have not only killed many hundreds of thousands of people in recorded history, but have also greatly influenced both the development of human culture and the evolution of human species. Volcanoes commonly form beautiful landscapes, and form the principal features of national parks all over the world, serving as magnets that attract millions of visitors each year. Hundreds of millions of other people live on or in the shadows of active volcanoes. Most of these people have only a shallow, passing interest in the volcanoes they see, but there is a certain large, enthusiastic cohort of these people whose fascination with volcanoes leads them travel to see volcanoes close-up, and to seek authoritative volcanological information. Our book is being written to address both academic and non-academic readers. We have written a book that will serve three principal audiences: University-level geology students requiring an authoritative reference book and graduate students enrolled in specialized courses in volcanology; Professional geologists who are not volcanologists, but who need an authoritative reference book for field guidance and report preparation; and, Interested laymen who want to better understand the volcanoes of the Earth.

Table of Contents

Preface PART I - INTRODUCTION 1. Eruptions, Jargon, and History A 'grey volcano' in eruption - Galunggung - 1982 A 'red volcano' in eruption - Kilauea - 1974 Some basic terminology History of volcanology Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion PART II - THE BIG PICTURE 2. Global Perspectives - Plate Tectonics and Volcanism Birth of a theory Volcanoes along divergent plate boundaries Volcanoes along convergent plate boundaries Intraplate volcanoes Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 3. The Nature of Magma - Where Volcanoes Come From Origins of magma The physics and chemistry of melting Classification of magma and igneous rocks Principal magma types Magmatic and volcanic gases Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 4. The Physical Properties of Magma and Why it Erupts Magma temperatures Magma rheology Magma ascent and emplacement 'Frozen magma' - subvolcanic intrusives Triggers for volcanic eruptions - why volcanoes erupt; Repose intervals Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion PART III - VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND THEIR PRODUCTS 5. Classifying Volcanic Eruptions Rittman diagrams Lacroix classification system Geze classification diagram Volcanic explosivity index - VEI Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 6. Effusive Volcanic Eruptions and Their Products Surface textures - Pahoehoe and Effusive eruption types Pahoehoe surface structures Pahoehoe internal structures 'A'a surfaces and structures Block lavas Radiocarbon dating of prehistoric lava flows Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 7. An Overview of Explosive Eruptions and Their Products Ejecta classification Explosive eruption styles and their products Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 8. A Closer Look at Large-scale Explosive Eruptions Measuring the sizes of Plinian eruptions Plinian eruption dynamics Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) PDC flow regimes Phreatoplinian eruptions Precursors to Plinian eruptions 'Super-eruptions' Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion PART IV - VOLCANIC LANDFORMS AND SETTINGS 9.Constructional ('Positive')Volcanic Landforms Large igneous provinces Shield volcanoes Composite volcanoes Minor volcanic landforms Volcano old age and extinction Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 10. 'Negative' Volcanic Landforms - Craters and Calderas Small craters Calderas Subcaldera intrusions Post-caldera resurgence Volcano-tectonic depressions Caldera formation mechanisms Caldera roots - relationships to plutonic rocks Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 11. Mass-wasting Processes and Products Landslides and avalanche Lahars and hyperconcentrated flows Lahar dynamics Lahar 'facies' Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 12. Volcanoes Unseen and Far Away Submarine and subglacial volcanoes - the meeting of fire, water, and ice Extraterrestrial volcanoes Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion PART V - HUMANISTIC VOLCANOLOGY 13. Volcanoes: Life, Climate, and Human History Volcanoes and the origin of life Volcanoes, atmosphere, and climate Volcanic influence on soil fertility and agriculture Volcanoes and human history Social impact of volcanic eruptions Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 14. Volcanic Hazards and Risk - Monitoring and Mitigation Hazards and risk Volcanic hazards Volcanic risk Volcanic crisis management Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion 15. Economic Volcanology Earth energy relationships Volcano energy Geothermal power Volcanoes and ore deposits Other useful volcanic materials Additional reading Questions for thought, study, and discussion Epilogue: The Future of Volcanology References Index

Author Biography

Professor John Lockwood Consulting Geologist, Hawaii Rick HazlettPauley Professor of Environmental AnalysisChair, Geology Department, Coordinator, Environmental Analysis Program, Pomona College

Author Biography:

Jack Lockwood worked for the US Geological Survey for over 30 years, including 20 years in Hawaii, based at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. He now runs a consulting business, Geohazards Consultants International. Richard (Rick) Hazlett is Coordinator of the Environmental Analysis Program and a member of the Geology Department at Pomona College in Claremont, California, where he teaches an upper-level course in physical volcanology.
Release date NZ
April 9th, 2010
Audience
  • Professional & Vocational
Pages
550
Dimensions
217x274x28
ISBN-13
9781405162500
Product ID
4413509

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