China's growing energy needs combined with its limited domestic energy resources dictate that the country will necessarily become a player of growing importance on the international energy stage. The Chinese government has recognized the need to address a range of energy security issues but has yet to develop a coherent policy. This book shows that China's energy policy has emphasised 'strategic' means to enhance security of energy supply rather than market mechanisms. The international components of this policy have contributed to China's increased diplomatic and economic involvement with energy-rich countries, especially in Asia. One of the major challenges for outside observers is to understand the decision-making processes within the Chinese ruling elite. Examination of specific policies relating to energy in Xinjiang, Central Asia, Russia and the Middle East shows that decision-making is driven by a complex interplay of political, diplomatic and economic factors. China's expanding energy interests need not necessarily pose a threat to the West or to its Asian neighbours. Instead they can be used as an opportunity to integrate China into existing and new institutions and mechanisms at global and regional levels.