This technical book points out shortcomings in the Higgs Mechanism and suggests a new mechanism. In doing so it shows that the origin of the Higgs particles is intimately associated with the gauge fields to which it gives masses. In addition a new form of Higgs field is proposed that has retarded asymptotic propagators. It suggest these propagators are the local source of the Arrow of Time. All matter has mass due to this mechanism. All matter interacts with retarded Higgs fields. The cumulative result is a macroscopic Arrow of Time. In addition, massive Higgs particles have a unique preferred rest frame. All inertial reference frames are obtained from it via Lorentz transformations. The result is that inertial reference frames have a preferred status in Special Relativity. Using the mass generation mechanism presented in this book it shows 1) The origin of Higgs particles is the complex gauge fields made real-valued in The Extended Standard Model, except for the strong interactions whose gauge fields are necessarily complex in The Extended Standard Model; 2) Particle mass generation occurs through the choice of a specific vacuum state for Higgs particles; 3) A local Arrow of Time exists which becomes the global Arrow of Time due to the ubiquitous appearance of Higgs particle contributions in all matter; 4) Inertial reference frames are preferred due to the non-zero mass of Higgs particles - the Higgs particles rest frame is the frame from which all inertial reference frames obtain their special significance. These results strongly support the use of the new mass generation mechanism. The new scalar particle theory shows that mass, the preferred inertial reference frames of Special Relativity, the Arrow of Time, and time itself are intimately related. It also shows a clear origin in complex gauge fields so that the "Higgs" sector is not a distinct addition to The Extended Standard Model but clearly intertwined with it.