This text examines the relationship between multinational firms and emerging markets, a relationship which has changed profoundly in the period from the 1950s to the late 1990s. Governments and multinational firms have moved from a situation of conflict to one where government policies were seen as a constraint on the activities of MNEs, and finally to an era of cooperation. This relationship has been reflected in (and driven by) academic writing on the subject, of which this book is a selection of the best examples. The readings in Part One show how the critical conflictual elements of the relationship were emphasized in the period 1950 to 1975. Latterly, writing has emphasized cooperation, even harmony, and writers have pointed out that free trade based on cooperative advantage can bring benefits for all. The most profound change in the world economy in the early post-war period was the emergence of successive waves of Asian "newly industrializing countries" (NICs) as key players, bringing new competition to Western nations and fostering the notion of a "loss of competitiveness" in the developed countries, as well as changing the nature of FDI in the developing countries. These issues are covered in Part Two. As outward oriented policies replaced protectionist ones, emerging country multinationals became salient: the analysis of their strategies is the subject of part three. Part Four examines how the policies of host governments towards inward investment have been shaped by the increasing interdependence of global economic activity. Asian emerging countries went beyond NIC status to become full global competitors, and the post-communist nations began to enter the world economy as new NICs. The danger facing many economies was that of being left on the fringes as globalisation drew countries together, either through expanded world trade and FDI or through the creation of trading blocs (EU, NAFTA, ASEAN-AFTA). The wholly new issues which have inevitably been thrown up by these changes are examined in the final part of this collection.