The Boston Terrier breed originated around 1870, when Robert C. Hooper of Boston purchased a dog known as Hooper's Judge, who was of a Bull and Terrier type lineage. Judge's specific lineage is unknown, however, Hooper's Judge is either directly related to the original Bull and Terrier breeds of the 1700s and early 1800s, or Judge is the result of modern English Bulldog's being crossed into terriers created in the 1860s for show purposes, like the White English Terrier. In 1910 Edward Axtell wrote The Boston Terrier and All About it: A Practical, Scientific, and Up to Date Guide to the Breeding of the American Dog, which later became an essential reference to any Boston Terrier owner for its accurate and detailed information.