ARIE HALACHMI is Professor of Public Management at the Institute of Government at Tennessee State University, and is affiliated with the Netherlands Institute of Government and the University of Twente. He is the Rapporteur of the International Working Group on Public Sector Productivity of the Brussels Based International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS) and the author or coauthor of several books and numerous articles on public sector management and productivity issues. He is also the managing editor of Public Productivity and Management Review. GEERT BOUCKAERT is Professor at the Public Management Centre of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, in Leuven, Belgium. He holds graduate degrees in Business Engineering, Political Sciences, and Philosophy, and earned his Ph.D. in Social Sciences from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Bouckaert's fields of research are public sector productivity and financial management.