This volume stems from the conference "The Neurosciences and Music IV: Learning and Memory" held in Edinburgh, Scotland 9–12  June  2011. The volume focuses on four themes: infants and children; adult musicians and non-musicians; disabilities and aging-related issues; and therapy and rehabilitation. Manuscripts cover a range of topics, including the cultural neuroscience of music; memory and learning in music performance; the impact of musical experience on cerebral language processing; and mechanisms of rhythm and meter learning over the life span.  The Neurosciences and Music IV will be of interest to not only to  neuroscientists, psychologists, and students, but also to clinical neurologists and psychologists, educators, and musicologists. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.