This dissertation, "Modes of Intertextuality in The Waste Land and Ulysses: Two Contrasted Cases" by Sze-pang, Pablo, Tsoi, 蔡思鵬, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Modes of Intertextuality in The Waste Land and Ulysses: Two Contrasted Cases submitted by TSOI Sze Pang, Pablo for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in December 2003 My thesis discusses the theory of intertextuality by examining T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land and James Joyce's Ulysses, arguing that they are two contrasted cases in dealing with meanings based on ideological representations. Chapter 1 examines Julia Kristeva's idea of intertextuality, which negates the autonomy of any particular text and undermines all established meanings. Roland Barthes's ideas of difference and of rereading are also drawn on to supplement intertextuality. Chapter 2 discusses the eclipse of citationality, arguing that writing is no longer creative. By presenting how writing is rendered citational, The Waste Land abolishes individuality. The poem hence exemplifies the theory of intertextuality in terms of the negation of autonomous texts. However, the eclipse of citation and the abolition of individuality in the poem do not eliminate meanings but create an ideological hierarchy. This hierarchy idealizes antiquity as the fertile land as opposed to the modern wasteland. A reading which retains the contrast between the fertile past and the sterile present can be seen as deriving from an attempt to seek a symbolism. Nevertheless, I argue that discursive relationships in the poem turn out to undo the attempted ideological hierarchy if we read the poem against the grain. This chapter also examines citationality in Ulysses, but focusing only on a few extracts which radically show how citationality is entirely deprived of its 'functionality' based on citation's presumed authoritativeness. In Chapter 3 I demonstrate how Ulysses exemplifies Kristevan intertextuality in terms of the neutralization of meanings. Unlike Eliot's restoration of the authoritativeness, the modes of intertextuality in Ulysses reveal the neutrality of authorities in discursive relationships. Prevailing social ideologies, such as bourgeois utilitarianism and anti-colonial discourses, are neutralized as such. Chapter 4 forms an argument reacting to the neutrality promoted by intertextuality. Although intertextuality characterized by discursive neutrality abolishes ideological issues such as identity and gender, the act of neutralization itself remains assertive and consequently creates new ideological discourses. In presenting this argument, I incorporate Barthes's idea of the 'neutral writing' resulting from his examination of the relationship between doxa and paradoxa. The text of bliss which Barthes employs to achieve the neutral writing is introduced to the discussion of motifs and elements in The Waste Land and Ulysses. Such motifs include Tiresias, ventriloquism, and Molly's discourse. In Chapter 5, I develop my discussion of intertextuality towards Maurice Blanchot's concept of the neuter. Blanchot's negation of literature as being governed by the subject provides a resolution to intertextuality. The neuter as a narrative voice related to but outside the text negates communicative meanings in literary language. The presence of representations is the absence of what they are ideologically deemed to mean. The neuter is therefore beyond intertextuality which retains a textual system. Above all, the neuter which sees an an