Robert Duncan (1919–1988) was a 20th century American poet affiliated with the San Francisco Renaissance and Beat movement. Duncan has been widely venerated as a visionary genius of American poetry: Allen Ginsberg described his work as "rapturous wonderings of inspiration"; Gwendolyn Brooks called it "a subtle spice"; Susan Howe pointed to Duncan as "my precursor father"; Lawrence Ferlinghetti said he "had the finest ear this side of Dante"; Marge Piercy speaks of his "deep sense of the history of poetry and of the spoken world"; John Ashbery honored him as "the alchemist of modern poets"; Robert Creeley dubbed him "the magister, the singular Master of the Dance." Michael Palmer was born into an Italian-American family in Manhattan in 1943 and has lived in San Francisco since 1969.  He has taught at numerous universities in the United States, Europe and Asia, and has published translations from a variety of languages, in particular French, Brazilian Portuguese and Russian. He has been involved in joint projects with many visual artists and composers in the United States and elsewhere and has also served as an artistic collaborator with the Margaret Jenkins Dance Company for close to fifty years. Palmer's honors include two grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, a Lila Wallace-Reader’s Digest Writer’s Award, a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship, the Shelley Memorial Prize from the Poetry Society of America, and he was awarded the 2006 Wallace Stevens Award. In 1999, he was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets.