In the US, intense political attention has been focused on accountability, on standardised testing and on the equity effects of both accountability and testing. The great majority of recent debate about educational equity and accountability in US education policy circles has failed to attend to either the dynamism or complexity of these issues, and has, instead, been carried out in a dualistic, good versus evil, fashion. In contrast, the scholarship collected in this edited book moves beyond the prevailing dualism and pushes the discourse about accountability, testing, and educational equity in schools usefully forward and, thus, provides a much-needed resource for researchers, policy makers and practitioners. After decades of such 'inputs' as how many books are in the school library and the number of computers in the classroom, American education is shining a spotlight on results.