This book discusses the fluoride removal potential and mechanism of Nano scale-AlOOH. Fluoride generates effects on skeletal tissues. Elevated levels of fluoride (1.5 mg/L) in drinking water supply resulting dental and skeletal fluorosis in the affected people. So far, studies explored the efficiency of various substances as adsorbents for the removal of fluoride from water. Currently, nanotechnology has developed quickly in various fields over the past decade, and has been growing interest in the application of nano particles as sorbents for fluoride. Thus compared with the traditional micron-sized materials used for separation processes, nano-sized carriers possess a good performance due to the high surface-area to volume ratio and the absence of internal diffusion resistance. Thus, the nano adsorbents with higher specific surface area have superior adsorption capacity, and nano-AlOOH has strong affinity for fluoride and high adsorption capacity. The book is addressed in particular to scientists concerned with research control in connection with water pollution; and a meant for students and researchers from disciplines of chemistry, Environmental science and related disciplines.