Written with an interdisciplinary audience in mind, this textbook provides a broad overview of characterisation techniques applied to nanomaterials. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses, the authors bring a holistic approach to the subject, balancing physics and materials science perspectives with chemical and biological aspects, ensuring it appeals to a diverse classroom readership. Based on a successful course by the authors, students will form a clear understanding between fundamentals and applications across a broad range of tools, encompassing chemical characterisation, surface characterisation, biomolecular characterisation and non-invasive testing of materials inside living and non-living systems. Theoretical underpinnings are explained alongside experimental details, enabling the student to put principles into context. Students will build practical confidence via the hints, tips, tricks, common mistakes and artefacts that are woven throughout the text. Homework problems and accompanying solutions make this book a complete package for instructors. With the broad survey style nature of the book, this is a text that students will continue to refer to throughout their studies and carry into their research careers.