J. Scott Harr has been employed in various areas of the law for over 28 years. He has served as a social worker, police officer, firefighter, and emergency medical technician. For over 11 years he held the position of chief law enforcement officer and public safety director for a Twin Cities suburb. He is licensed as a lawyer, police officer, and private investigator, and founded Scott Harr Legal Investigations in 1985. He sits on the Minnesota Peace Officer Standards & Training Board and chairs their training committee. Having taught as community faculty at Normandale Community College, and served as resident faculty at Metropolitan State University School of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, he is presently the Criminal Justice Chair at Concordia University St. Paul in Minnesota. He is also the author of CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, 4/e (Wadsworth Publishing). Karen Matison Hess, Ph.D. (d. 2010), was an instructor at Normandale Community College (Bloomington, Minnesota) who crafted a line of enduring, practical textbooks in the fields of law enforcement and criminal justice.