This absorbing book chronicles the exploitation of Beethoven's life and work by German political parties from the founding of the modern nation in 1870 to the peaceful East German Revolution of 1989. David Dennis taps a wealth of new archival resources to examine for the first time how propagandists of every persuasion have transformed Beethoven and his art into powerful, and varied, national symbols. "In fascinating detail, Dennis introduces many 'Beethovens,' each fashioned as part of a process that transformed the composer into the most protean, and widely abused, cultural-political symbol in modern German history."-David Large, Montana State University "[This book] should fascinate not only Beethoven devotees but also anyone interested in the elusiveness and malleability of historical evidence."-James R. Oestreich, New York Times